What Is CTE?
Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is a degenerative brain condition linked to repetitive head impacts. These can occur in contact sports, military service, first responder work, or other situations with repeated head trauma.
Currently, CTE can only be confirmed after death, but research is ongoing to better understand how it develops.
How CTE Develops
CTE is associated with:
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Repeated concussions
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Repetitive impacts that may not cause diagnosed concussions
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Long-term exposure to high-contact or high-impact environments
Over time, these injuries can lead to tau protein buildup in the brain, affecting mood, memory, and behavior.
Possible Symptoms
Symptoms may appear years after repeated head impacts and can vary widely. Experiencing these symptoms does not necessarily mean someone has CTE.
Cognitive Changes
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Memory problems
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Difficulty concentrating
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Confusion
Mood Changes
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Depression
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Anxiety
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Irritability
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Mood swings
Behavioral Changes
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Impulsivity
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Aggression
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Poor judgment
Who May Be at Higher Risk?
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Athletes in contact sports
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Military personnel
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First responders
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Individuals with multiple concussions
Diagnosis
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CTE can only be definitively diagnosed after death through brain examination.
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Researchers are developing tools to identify CTE in living individuals, but these methods are still experimental.
Reducing Risk
While CTE cannot be completely prevented, certain steps may help reduce risk:
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Limit unnecessary head impacts
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Use proper protective equipment
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Follow medical guidance after any concussion or head injury
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Support safer rules and training practices in sports